Se realizó una propuesta metodológica en el Hospital Militar Clínico Quirúrgico Docente Doctor Octavio de la Concepción y la Pedraja de Camagüey durante el año 2014 con el objetivo de argumentar el valor ético que tiene para el estudiante de Medicina ser insertado al sistema de garantía de la calidad hospitalaria. Se emplearon métodos de nivel teórico como análisis y síntesis, histórico-lógico, inducción-deducción. La vinculación del estudiante universitario al sistema de garantía de calidad en un centro asistencial docente permite elevar (...) la utilización correcta del método clínico y provee al discente de conocimiento para que al egresar desempeñe un servicio de excelencia y alcance a reducir los errores e insatisfacciones de la población y con ello los costos innecesarios. In order to increase the ethical value integrating medical students into a hospital quality guarantee system has, a methodological proposal was put forward in the Doctor Octavio de la Concepcion y la Pedraja Teaching Clinical-Surgical Military Hospital of Camaguey during 2014. Theoretical methods such as analysis and synthesis, historical-logical methods and induction-deduction were used. Linking college students to the quality guarantee system allows increasing the proper use of the clinician and it provides the learner with the knowledge he needs to carry out an excellent service and to reduce errors making and people dissatisfactions, therefore cutting on unnecessary costs. (shrink)

Digital communication between humans fundamentally changes the nature of communication. One inherent change is the acceleration of communication as a systematic change in societal life, particularly in the workplace. Often, the aim is to release time resources. However, the acceleration of communication also leads to the opposite: a lack of time. This paradoxical development can be based on an acceleration cycle whereby technologies seem to be a solution on the micro-level, but they are also a significant part of the problem (...) on the meso-level. (shrink)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to address the following question: In times of permanent connectivity, what forms of freedom need to be considered to prevent permanent availability as an unintended consequence? By using the Hegelian perspective on freedom, the paper categorizes three forms of freedom to transfer them to a common, contemporary understanding of freedom relating it to freedom through human-to-human digital communication. The aim is to show that freedom is not only about independence and realizing choices but (...) also about embedding and committing oneself. Design/methodology/approach This mainly conceptual paper derives implications based on the Hegelian theory. This is supplemented by an interdisciplinary approach, whereby categories of other philosophers, ethicists, economists and sociologists are applied. The analysis of the contemporary perspective on freedom is enriched by referencing empirical studies. Findings Digital communication offers new freedom such as working with fewer restrictions from time and space, especially for knowledge workers. It is theoretically possible to work 24 h per day from anywhere, as well as to decide on the final location and timing of one’s work. When solely focusing on these – seemingly advantageous – forms of freedom in times of permanent connectivity, unintended consequences such as the expectation of permanent availability develop. The key message of the paper is that considering one’s temporal and social dependencies is an indispensable part of actual freedom to avoid unintended consequences. Practical implications Organizations need to invest in moral discernment to understand unintended consequences, as well as to cope with them. Originality/value Applying the Hegelian theory on freedom based on digital communication to better understand social dynamics of digital communication is a largely unexplored avenue in the existing scientific literature. The decision to undertake this venture resulted from the identified necessity of understanding freedom better. It is often not clear what is meant by freedom through digital communication. Although freedom is a complex construct, it is often reduced to independence/having a choice and realizing choices. When solely focusing on independence and realizing choices, unintended consequences such as permanent availability often go unnoticed. It is exactly because of these issues that this paper endeavors to examine the meaning of the powerful, yet complex, term of freedom. (shrink)

In times of digitalization and globalization, social expectations change at an increasing pace. In order to provide orientation in times of frequent change, this article argues to reinforce the meaning of moral principles, norms, or values as focal points, which build the basis of mutually aligned behavioral expectations. Accordingly, the paper explains the abstract meaning of focal points – having reciprocal expectations as foundation for social cooperation – as well as the particular relevance of the focal point ‘do no harm’.

Neste artigo discute-se as induções e tensionamentos gerados pelo Sistema de avaliação e fomento da CAPES nos processos de produção do conhecimento dos Programas de Pós-graduação em Teologia. Problematiza-se a influência dos critérios de avaliação da CAPES na produção/veiculação do conhecimento no campo epistemológico da Teologia, tendo como aporte teórico o conceito de “campo” de Bourdieu. Constata-se que o campo de conhecimento teológico - que na sua origem e essência trata da fé e do mundo transcendente - gradativamente assume um (...) lugar no campo científico, na busca do reconhecimento/credenciamento e do protagonismo no ranking dos Programas de Pós-graduação com notas máximas na avaliação da CAPES. Para a análise, realizou-se pesquisa junto aos seis PPGT do país existentes em 2011 e um estudo de caso múltiplo em três desses Programas com conceitos iguais ou superiores a cinco e com cursos de mestrado e doutorado reconhecidos pelas suas igrejas – católica ou protestante –, em período anterior à inserção na CAPES. A coleta de dados teve como base os seguintes documentos: fichas de avaliação dos Programas emitidas pela Capes, proposta dos PPGT em análise, produção docente e discente veiculada nos currículos lattes, análise das publicações nas revistas científicas dos Programas pesquisados, além de entrevistas com 22 professores dos PPGTs, que analisam os ganhos, perdas e embates decorrentes desse processo de reconhecimento. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam que a inserção no Sistema de avaliação e fomento exigiu dos Programas mudanças, estruturais e epistemológicas, tais como: alterações nas linhas de pesquisa, nas temáticas das teses e dissertações, bem como transformações nos tempos e meios de veiculação da produção docente. Palavras-chave: Programas de Pós-Graduação em Teologia. Campo de conhecimento. Capes. Avaliação stricto sensu. (shrink)

Global food security challenges demand an understanding of farmers’ gendered practices and perspectives. This research draws on data from a quantitative survey and qualitative methods to explore gender differences related to farmers’ practices, perceptions, and knowledge of pesticides and other pest management practices in tomato growing regions of Ghana and Mali. A pathways approach based on participatory mapping integrates findings and reveals gender differences in labor and knowledge at different stages of tomato production. Farmers in both countries are heavily reliant (...) on pesticides, but there are also differences in pest management knowledge and practices between them. In Mali, farmers are more familiar with Integrated Pest Management practices, but less aware of potential health risks of pesticides and more likely to engage in dangerous agro-chemical practices. In both countries, women are significantly less aware of pesticide dangers and IPM techniques than men and exposed to pesticides though a variety of pathways. We argue that the gender division of labor and differences in access to resources, information, and power between the two sites leads to gendered pesticide exposure pathways that are often unseen by the biological scientists who tend to focus on the field. Gender inequalities in knowledge and unsafe practices were particularly apparent in Mali compared to Ghana, possibly due to the lower literacy rates and decision making power of women and their narrower range of involvement in tomato production. The article concludes with gender sensitive recommendations to improve IPM research methods, trainings, and technology diffusion. (shrink)

The coronavirus disease pandemic fundamentally disrupted humans’ social life and behavior. Public health measures may have inadvertently impacted how people care for each other. This study investigated prosocial behavior, its association well-being, and predictors of prosocial behavior during the first COVID-19 pandemic lockdown and sought to understand whether region-specific differences exist. Participants from eight regions clustering multiple countries around the world responded to a cross-sectional online-survey investigating the psychological consequences of the first upsurge of lockdowns in spring 2020. Prosocial behavior (...) was reported to occur frequently. Multiple regression analyses showed that prosocial behavior was associated with better well-being consistently across regions. With regard to predictors of prosocial behavior, high levels of perceived social support were most strongly associated with prosocial behavior, followed by high levels of perceived stress, positive affect and psychological flexibility. Sociodemographic and psychosocial predictors of prosocial behavior were similar across regions. (shrink)

En este trabajo se trata de estudiar la pervivencia de Secundus (llamado el "Taciturno", contemporáneo de Adriano), en el Viridarium consolationis de Jacobus de Benevento, (. circa. 1271). El Viridarium, publicado por primera vez en 1880 a partir del manuscrito Montecassino 207 (s. XV), aduce las opiniones de Secundus sobre la mujer y sobre la amistad pero, si se revisa el manuscrito Modena, Biblioteca Estense, se prueba que existen algunas dudas sobre la identificación del autor con el nombre de Secundus. (...) Se examinan también las referencias a este filósofo en las versiones romances del Viridarium: en castellano, portugués, italiano y en la lengua de los valdenses. (shrink)

Este artigo propõe-se a refletir sobre a construção do Eu de crianças com cegueira congênita a partir da teoria winnicottiana do amadurecimento. Para Winnicott, a natureza humana é uma questão de psique-soma em constante interação; o ser humano é essencialmente psicossomático, sendo o corpo o primeiro a chegar e a elaboração imaginativa das funções corpóreas o elemento constitutivo e enriquecedor da vida psíquica. Essa concepção da natureza humana parece ser a mais esclarecedora para a compreensão do desenvolvimento e da construção (...) do eu das crianças com cegueira congênita; crianças que chegam ao mundo com uma constituição orgânica significativamente diferente, que as conduzem por caminhos peculiares em seu processo de percepção e amadurecimento. Muitas dificuldades são apontadas na descrição do desenvolvimento dessas crianças: passividade de ego, ausência de interesse por objetos, atrasos na aquisição de capacidades, desinteresse por brincadeiras e verbalismo. Comportamentos considerados semelhantes aos de crianças autistas. Acreditamos que, a partir da teoria winnicottiana do desenvolvimento, muitas dessas vicissitudes podem ser compreendidas e alguns procedimentos terapêuticos indicados.This article proposes a reflection upon the ego development of children with congenital blindness through maturation theory. For Winnicott the human nature is a matter of psyche-some in constant interaction, the human being is essentially psychosomatic, in which the body is the first to arrive and the imaginative elaboration of the body functions are the elements that constitute and enrich the psychic life. This conception of the human nature seems to be the most clarifying for the comprehension of the development and the self constitution of the children with congenital blindness; children who arrive into the world with a significantly different organic constitution, which conducts them through a peculiar path in their process of perception and maturity. Many difficulties are pointed out on the description of the development of these children: passivity of the ego, absence of interest for objects, delay on the acquisition of abilities, disinterest for children's play, verbalism. Behaviors similar to those of autistic children. We believe that through Winnicott's developmental theory a lot of these vicissitudes can be comprehended and some therapeutic procedures can be indicated. (shrink)

O presente trabalho propõe-se analisar a importância das propostas winnicottianas de intervenção às pessoas com deficiências. Depois de refletir sobre a intervenção, apresentada pelo autor a partir de suas experiências como pediatra, observando bebês e suas mães, e como psicanalista, no atendimento dos "casos fronteiriços", foram analisados três aspectos: o uso desses conceitos para a compreensão do desenvolvimento de pessoas com deficiência, sua relevância no entendimento da maior intensidade de riscos a que estão expostos e a pertinência dos pressupostos da (...) clínica do amadurecimento com esses indivíduos. Algumas vinhetas de um caso são utilizadas para exemplificar o uso da teoria de Winnicott na compreensão do cliente e da técnica utilizada.The purpose of this text is to analyze the importance of winnicottian concepts of intervention with disabled persons. After reflecting on the concepts proposed by the author, based on his pediatric experiences, observing babies and their mothers, and as psychoanalyst, attending borderline cases, three aspects have been analyzed: the application of these concepts with regard to understanding the development of disabled persons, their relevance to the understanding of the intensive risk to which individuals are exposed and the pertinence of the proposals of the maturation clinic near these individuals. Some case vignettes were utilized as examples of applications, as well as techniques. (shrink)

This piece makes a comment on the usefulness of allegory as a mode of reading, by way of an examination of the representation of nationalism in Jameson and in Antonio Candido.

A latência é o período do desenvolvimento menos abordado pela literatura psicanalítica e menos compreendido, apesar de corresponder à idade na qual ocorre a maior procura por atendimento psicológico. Além disso, questiona-se um possível encurtamento do período da latência em nossa cultura. Partindo ..

Apoyado en dos afirmaciones de Lacan respecto al olvido, una en 1954 y otra en 1970, junto con la aseveración de Allouch de que el psicoanálisis se había constituido en una práctica de dar caza al recuerdo, cuando antes que otra cosa se trataba de olvidar, este artículo se propone plantear el problema del olvido en tres direcciones: a) Retomando dos tipos de olvido que permiten pensar una forma radical de olvido: olvido del olvido. b) Relacionando olvido y repetición, al (...) revisar, de acuerdo con Lacan, el carácter demoníaco que se le atribuye a esta última, y c) a través de un recorrido por autores que han fijado su atención en el olvido, señalando la importancia del olvido como medio de recuperación de sí mismo pero también de un olvido de sí terapéutico. (shrink)

A partir de la afirmación de S. Critchley de que el psicoanálisis es la prolongación, profundización y complicación de lo que él llama paradigma trágico-heroico , se trata de precisar que lo trágico es lo que hace inseparables la teoría y la experiencia psicoanalítica de la risa y los fenómenos ligados a ella. Esto, en general, ha sido insuficientemente indagado. Siguiendo estos argumentos, se presentan algunas observaciones en torno a esa especie de exhortación “volver a las cosas mismas”, tan afín (...) al método freudiano, al “uso” de lo trágico-heroico en Lacan, al concepto de Cosa al aporte de Freud al humor . Por otra parte, y en completa relación con lo anterior, se destacan algunos señalamientos lacanianos que ubican al “cuerpo” como central en la experiencia de lo cómico. Y por último, se examina la contraposición Bergson - Freud - Lacan en torno a la risa, lo mecánico y el lenguaje. (shrink)

Recent studies reported the development of psychological distress symptoms in patients who recovered from COVID-19. However, evidence is still scarce and new data are needed to define the exact risk and protective factors that can explain the variability in symptoms manifestation. In this study, we enrolled 257 patients who recovered from COVID-19 and we evaluated the levels of psychological distress through the Symptoms Checklist-90-R scale. Data concerning illness-related variables were collected from medical records, while the presence of subjective cognitive difficulties, (...) both before and after the illness, as well as the level of the cognitive reserve, were assessed over a clinical interview. Results revealed that being female and reporting the presence of subjective cognitive difficulties after COVID-19 were associated with higher levels of psychological distress. At the same time, being admitted to the hospital and having a high CR were protective factors. Adding new information to this emerging research field, our results highlight the importance of a complete psychological and cognitive assessment in patients with COVID-19. (shrink)

Neste trabalho, apresenta-se a análise das matrículas e da implementação da Lei Federal n. 12.711/2012, conhecida como Lei de Cotas e Ações Afirmativas, para ingresso nos Cursos Técnicos de Agropecuária e Informática na forma Integrada ao Ensino Médio, no Instituto Federal do Tocantins (IFTO) – Campus Dianópolis, no período de 2014 a 2018. A partir do estudo dessa Lei, do Decreto n. 7.824/2012, da Portaria Normativa do Ministério da Educação (MEC) n. 18/2012 e dos editais publicados pelo Instituto, foi realizado (...) um levantamento do número de estudantes beneficiados pela Lei nos processos seletivos para ingresso nesses cursos, por meio dos dados do Sistema Integrado de Gestão Acadêmica (Siga/IFTO). Ao analisar os editais e as matrículas, concluiu-se que, apesar da oferta de vagas prevista na Lei n. 12.711/2012, apenas nos anos de 2014 e 2015 houve alunos aprovados. Nos demais anos analisados, os estudantes não alcançaram a nota mínima para aprovação no vestibular. Assim, os alunos ingressantes pelo sistema de cotas, em 2014, compuseram a maioria dos que concluíram os cursos. (shrink)

Introduction Hospital delirium is a frequent, serious, costly, and underrecognized acute disorder of attention and cognition. Therefore, the prevention of hospital delirium is not only desirable for patients, caregivers, healthcare professionals, and the health system itself, but also a moral duty. Objective To identify and synthetize the main ethical aspects that arise related to the prevention of hospital delirium in patients 65 years and older. Methods A scoping review was carried out in Embase, Medline, and Web of Science. Articles published (...) in English or Spanish analyzing any pharmacologic, non-pharmacologic, or multicomponent intervention for prevention of delirium in hospitalized patients aged 65 years and over were included. Results Twenty-seven studies were included. Based on the frequency of appearance and the relevance, our findings were organized into three main areas. The first one was related to the principle of nonmaleficence and collected findings about the iatrogenic causes of hospital delirium and the use of restraints systems. The second area analyzed the impact of delirium in patients, families, and healthcare professionals from a relational ethics perspective, and addressed the family presence as a factor to prevent delirium. Finally, the third area is related to the quality of care. Conclusion Prevention of delirium in hospitals is essential to avoid the discomfort and potential clinical complications of patients, as well as the suffering of their relatives, caregivers, and healthcare professionals. Policymakers and healthcare managers are encouraged to make the required efforts to prevent delirium in hospitalized older patients. (shrink)

The rise of the phenomenon of virtue ethics in recent years has increased at a rapid pace. Such an explosion carries with it a number of great possibilities, as well as risks. This volume has been written to contribute a multi-faceted perspective to the current conversation about virtue. Among many other thought-provoking questions, the collection addresses the following: What are the virtues, and how are they enumerated? What are the internal problems among ethicists, and what are the objections and replies (...) to contemporary virtue ethics? Additionally, the practical implications following from the answers to these questions are discussed in new and fascinating research. Fundamental concepts such as teleology and eudaimonism are addressed from both a historical and dialectical approach. This tome will contribute not only to providing further clarity to the current horizons in virtue ethics, but also to the practical conclusion following from the study: to challenge the reader toward a greater pursuit of the virtuous life. (shrink)

The feminization of agriculture narrative has been reproduced in development literature as an oversimplified metric of empowerment through changes in women’s labor and managerial roles with little attention to individuals’ heterogeneous livelihoods. Grounded in feminist political ecology, we sought to critically understand how labor and managerial feminization interact with changing agricultural practices. Working with a local NGO as part of an international, donor-funded research-for-development project, we conducted semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, and participant observation with over 100 farmers in Mid-Western (...) Nepal in 2017. Household structure and headship are dynamic in the context of male out-migration, pushing women to take on new agricultural duties and increasing household labor responsibilities. In this context, decision-making processes related to agricultural management and new cultivation practices illustrate ongoing renegotiations of gender and cultivation practices within and beyond the household. We contend that the heterogeneity of household power dynamics muddies the empowering impacts of migration and emphasize the importance of community spaces as a locus of subjectivity formation and social value. We conclude that FPE can illuminate complexities of power, space, and individual responses to socio-ecological conditions that challenge the current feminization of agriculture framework. (shrink)

To Shh, or not to Shh: that is the question. Paraphrasing Hamlet, one of the main ethical dilemmas for workers and organisations can be represented: to blow the whistle or to remain silent when facing a wrongdoing. Whistleblowing is analysed from psychological, normative and organisational points of view, but the implementation in the company is less represented. And it should not be like that, since internal whistleblowing mechanisms allow organisational wrongdoing staying inside the organisation, where it can be remedied and (...) its reputational effects, alleviated. With a content analysis methodology, this paper analyses disclosed information about the implementation of whistleblowing mechanisms in Spanish listed companies (Ibex35), a country where corruption scandals have once again brought to the fore the problem of reporting wrongdoing. The implementation of whistleblowing mechanisms is heterogeneous in terms of denominations, channels and procedures, identifying weak points in the reporting of irregularities in CSR and sustainability reports. (shrink)

Resumen: La dimensión teórica del estudio de la violencia escolar ha quedado rezagada en el campo de la investigación en educación. Se constata un déficit explicativo y en consecuencia de orden teórico, con ciertos reduccionismos y una proliferación de mediciones de conductas. En este artículo se plantea la necesidad de pasar de un objeto binario que separa, a veces en términos de oposición, la escuela de la sociedad a un objeto de estudio de tres dimensiones: las violencias que produce la (...) escuela; las violencias que se reproducen en la escuela; las violencias que cruzan la escuela. Esta reformulación tríadica del objeto de estudio es producto de una línea de investigación y de la revisión de la literatura indexada entre el año 1990 y 2015.: School violence theoretical research has been falling behind in the field of education research. An explanatory deficit emerges and therefore also theoretical, with certain reductionism and a proliferation of behavior measurement. This article focuses on the need of moving from a binary object that puts apart, sometimes in terms of opposition, the school from society, to an object of study with three dimensions: different forms of violence produced by the school itself; different forms of violence that are reproduced at the school; different forms of violence that pass through the school. This triadic reformulation of the object of study is the result from a line of research and the review of indexed literature between 1990 and 2015. (shrink)

This study investigates seasonality of marriages and reproductive isolation in six long-isolated communities in the central Apennines (Italy). It had two objectives: (1) the identification of an Apennine biodemographic model in comparison with mountain communities of other regions, and with non-Apennine communities in Abruzzo, and (2) to identify the possible effects of the drainage of Lake Fucino (1854 shows that there was a delayed, limited period of increased consanguinity in the few decades around the turn of the century. This is (...) different from the national situation, and thus could be a consequence of the Lake Fucino drainage. (shrink)

El objetivo del estudio fue sistematizar y analizar el pensamiento filosófico de Bruno sobre la concepción de magia en el renacimiento. La importancia de la investigación fue entender la cosmovisión bruneana que sigue vigente en el desarrollo del avance de la ciencia. Siendo la conclusión que el concepto de mago es equivalente a sabio, y se manifiesta a través de los tipos de magia: Divina, Física, Matemática y en función del vínculo entre el mago y la naturaleza: magia natural, fantasmagórica, (...) magia natural por virtud, magia matemática, de los desamparados, nigromancia, maléfico, adivinación y profecía. (shrink)

O presente trabalho visa apresentar algumas considerações em torno do confronto/encontro entre filosofia e literatura. A produção ficcional de Clarice Lispector, no âmbito da literatura brasileira contemporânea, nos fornece a oportunidade de analisarmos a obra de arte a partir de um enfoque interdisciplinar.Nous présentons ici quelques considérations concernant la confrontation/rencontre entre la philosophie et la littérature. Dans la littérature brésilienne contemporaine, l'oeuvre de Clarice Lispector nous offre l'occasion d'analyser l'oeuvre d'art d'un point de vue interdisciplinaire.

The book introduced in this text is based on the premise that the trade-off between privacy and security is both unsound and conceals important aspects of surveillance and control. Accordingly, the authors analyse the symbiotic relationship between liberty and security, and the emptiness of both concepts when considered in isolation. They explore and contextualise different notions of risk, surveillance practices and the value of the rights to private life and data protection. Thereby, they show that surveillance and control neither necessarily (...) attain security, nor always pose a threat to privacy and, conversely, that protecting privacy does not necessarily hamper security provision. Moreover, they appreciate how surveillance and control, mediated through technology, express and sustain specific power relationships. The book thus offers a kaleidoscope of perspectives, ranging from critical studies to international relations, law, philosophy and sociology, to rethink surveillance and control. (shrink)

This book is based on the premise that the trade-off between privacy and security is both unsound and con-ceals important aspects of surveillance and control. Accordingly, the authors analyse the symbiotic relati-onship between liberty and security, and the emptiness of both concepts when considered in isolation. They explore and contextualise different notions of risk, surveillance practices and the value of the rights to pri-vate life and data protection. Thereby, they show that surveillance and control neither necessarily attain security, nor always (...) pose a threat to privacy and, conversely, that protecting privacy does not necessarily hamper security provision. Moreover, they argue that surveillance and control, mediated through technolo-gy, express and sustain specific power relationships. The book offers a kaleidoscope of perspectives, ranging from critical studies to international relations, law, philosophy and sociology, to rethink surveillance and control. (shrink)

This book is based on the premise that the trade-off between privacy and security is both unsound and conceals important aspects of surveillance and control. Accordingly, the authors analyse the symbiotic relationship between liberty and security, and the emptiness of both concepts when considered in isolation. They explore and contextualise different notions of risk, surveillance practices and the value of the rights to private life and data protection. Thereby, they show that surveillance and control neither necessarily attain security, nor always (...) pose a threat to privacy and, conversely, that protecting privacy does not necessarily hamper security provision. Moreover, they appreciate how surveillance and control, mediated through technology, express and sustain specific power relationships. The book thus offers a kaleidoscope of perspectives, ranging from critical studies to international relations, law, philosophy and sociology, to rethink surveillance and control. (shrink)

Smallholder farmers in Rattanakmondol District, Battambang Province, Cambodia face challenges related to soil erosion, declining yields, climate change, and unsustainable tillage-based farming practices in their efforts to increase food production within maize-based systems. In 2010, research for development programs began introducing agricultural production systems based on conservation agriculture to smallholder farmers located in four communities within Rattanakmondol District as a pathway for addressing these issues. Understanding gendered practices and perspectives is integral to adapting CA technologies to the needs of local (...) communities. This research identifies how gender differences regarding farmers’ access to assets, practices, and engagement in intra-household negotiations could constrain or facilitate the dissemination of CA. Our mixed-methods approach includes focus group discussions, semi-structured interviews, famer field visits, and a household survey. Gender differences in access to key productive assets may affect men’s and women’s individual ability to adapt CA. Farmers perceive the practices and technologies of CA as labor-saving, with the potential to reduce men’s and women’s labor burden in land-preparation activities. However, when considered in relation to the full array of productive and reproductive livelihood activities, CA can disproportionately affect men’s and women’s labor. Decisions about agricultural livelihoods were not always made jointly, with socio-cultural norms and responsibilities structuring an individual’s ability to participate in intra-household negotiations. While gender differences in power relations affect intra-household decision-making, men and women household members collectively negotiate the transition to CA-based production systems. (shrink)

Leibovich et al. opened up an important discussion on the nature and origins of numerosity perception. The authors rightly point out that non-numerical features of stimuli influence this ability. Despite these biases, there is evidence that from birth, humans perceive and represent numerosities, and not just non-numerical quantitative features such as item size, density, and convex hull.

Resumen: El estatuto teórico del concepto de la violencia escolar se ha resuelto parcialmente mediante el uso de definiciones. En el caso del campo científico chileno las definiciones de violencia escolar se formulan desde una episteme dualista, que establece la distinción entre lo escolar y lo no escolar, priorizan a un individuo abstracto, donde el espacio prima sobre el tiempo, las relaciones son causales y, en menor medida, de tipo covariación, constructiva de realidades y especular. El componente performativo es doble: (...) i) un modo de codificación y clasificaciones que estabilizan a un objeto que irrumpe en el campo científico y escolar; ii) producen una ausencia y exclusión de las relaciones y categorías posibles. No obstante, se observa que al interior de las propias definiciones se encuentran las semillas para un trabajo de transformación hacia epistemes no dualistas y complejas mediante las dimensiones de producción, reproducción y cruce de las violencias en la institución escolar según un enfoque tríadico. Esta reconstrucción se basa en un corpus de artículos indexados del campo de la educación sobre Chile entre los años 2001 a 2013.: The theoretical statute of the concept of school violence has been partly solved using definitions. In the case of the Chilean scientific field, the definitions of school violence are defined from a dualistic episteme that establishes the distinction between what is part of the school and what is not, that prioritizes an abstract subject, where space is more important than time, the relationships are of causal type and, to a lesser extent, of covariation type, that builds realities and that is speculative. The performative component has two aspects: i) a coding mode and classifications that stabilize an object that disrupts the scientific and school fields, and ii) produce a lack and exclusion of the relationships and potential categories. Nevertheless, it has been observed that there are some elements within the own definitions that could work for the transformation of dualistic and complex epistemes, through a dimension of production, reproduction, and the cross of different types of violence at school, following a triadic approach. This reconstruction is based on a corpus of articles from indexed journals about the Chilean educational field between 2001 and 2013. (shrink)

Recently a role for the vagus nerve in conditioning food preferences was established in rodents. In a prospective controlled clinical trial in humans, invasive vagus nerve stimulation shifted food choice toward lower fat content. Here we explored whether hedonic aspects of an orally sampled food stimulus can be modulated by non-invasive transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) in humans. In healthy participants (n= 10, five women, 20–32 years old, no obesity) we tested liking and wanting ratings of food samples with varying (...) fat or sugar content with or without tVNS in a sham-controlled within-participants design. To determine effects of tVNS on food intake, we also measured voluntary consumption of milkshake. Spontaneous eye blink rate was measured as a proxy for dopamine tone. Liking of low-fat, but not high-fat puddings, was higher for tVNS relative to sham stimulation. Other outcomes showed no differences. These findings support a role for the vagus nerve promoting post-ingestive reward signals. Our results suggest that tVNS may be used to increase liking of low-calorie foods, which may support healthier food choices. (shrink)

Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar la relación que existe entre el aprendizaje de inglés, los empleadores y las formas en las que se está abordando la enseñanza de inglés y aprendizaje de lenguas en el estado de Baja California. Esta investigación se enfocó a atender los siguientes objetivos: 1. Identificar las principales competencias profesionales que requiere el sector empresarial en Baja California de sus prospectos empleados en términos de contratación y ascenso laboral. 2. Analizar el tipo de habilidades de (...) comunicación que requiere el sector empresarial en términos del dominio del inglés de sus egresados en la competencia comunicativa, escrita y oral y las nuevas formas de aprendizaje que se encuentran disponibles a través de la tecnología. (shrink)